论周代天子大禘礼及文化功能

On the DaTi Ceremony of the Zhou Dynasty and Its Cultural Function

周代天子大禘礼是国家礼乐制度的重要内容,先秦礼书对它并无系统记载和论述,只言片语的文字信息且前后抵牾,致使学术界自汉儒以来对大禘礼的概念和内涵争论不休,至今没有形成定论。系统整理和研究先秦典籍及金文相关材料可知:大禘礼是周天子大规模祭祀祖先之礼,为天下第一大祭,内容主要包括兴乐舞、大献享、序昭穆、行赏赐四项。周天子举行大禘之礼,其一是效法天地,利用定期祭祀大行赏赐,回报忠君报国之臣,以此凝聚民心;其二是定期规范和整饬封建统治秩序,保证国家政权之长治久安。

The Da Ti Ceremony of The Zhou Dynasty played an important role in the system of state ceremony.Before Qin Dynasty,on systematic record and discussion could not be found in litur-gical books ,expect for a few fragments that was inconsistent.As a result,the academic research on the concept of Da TI Ceremony had greatly argued all the time since the beginning of han confucian scholars ,and there was still no conclusion on this issue.By means of collecting and studying related ancient books and records ofJinwen in a systematic way ,researchers discovered that Da Ti Ceremony was a royal member representing Zhou emperor to worship the ancestors,which was the greatest cer-emony of sacrificing ancestors all over the world.It contained several parts ：dancing accompanied by music,offering rich sacrifice,arrangeing the Zhao—Mu and carry out reward ceremony.One of the purpose about holding Da Ti Ceremony for Zhou emperor was to imitate the law of nature,using the periodical sacrifice to hold royal award to return the ministers who are very faithful,and rally popular support in this way.Another aim of this grand ceremony was to norm and rectify the rules of the feu-dal order at regular intervalsand guarantee the state power,making it maintain prolonged stability.