张载“太虚”哲学初探

The Exploration of Zhangzai's Taixu Philosophy

张载宇宙本体论中,最根本的观念有四,即气、太和、太虚、性[1]。张载主张气一元论,从气切入,得出＂太和之道＂,用＂太和之道＂来论述自己宇宙观的基本思想。以＂虚空即气＂＂通一无二＂为中心展开,对＂太和＂＂太虚＂＂气＂等概念的关系进行梳理,从而有＂太虚之气＂的宇宙本体论思想。＂天地＂＂阴阳＂＂风雨雷霆＂等是张载自然观所得以体现的自然本征,他们之间以＂二端＂或＂两体＂的关系存在并运行,从而有＂一物两体＂的自然本体论。而张载的宇宙本体论与自然本体论的理论都是建立在他＂太虚＂哲学的基础上的。

In ZhangZai’s Cosmos ontology,the four radical concepts are Chi（气）,Taihe （太和）,Taixu （太虚）and Nature（性）,ZhangZai advocated the monism of Chi,start with Chi he reached a conclusion of the Tao （道）of Taihe （太和之道）,and he elaborated his basic idea of the cosmic view from this conclusion. Zhangzai neaten the relations among the Taihe ,Taixu ,Chi and other conception through “the void is Chi”（虚空即气）and “Through one without two”（通一无二）,then he put a ideology on ontology of the universe which is called Chi of Taixu （太虚之气）.Tiandi,Yinyang,Wind,Rain and Thunder（风雨雷霆）are natural characteristics which derived from the theory of nature.Their existance and operation should abide by the re-lations between two extremity （二端）or two object’s（两体）.Thus we can elicit the ontology of the nature that two bodies of one thing（一物两体）.ZhangZai’s theories of Cosmos ontology and Natural ontology are both based on his Taixu Philosophy（太虚哲学）.