从守望民间到激扬政治——论汪曾祺与从维熙的“鸡鸭”叙事

Difference between Sticking to the Folk Position and Supporting the Political Standpoint——on the theme and writing by Wang Zengqi and Cong Weixi

1940至1950年代,汪曾祺和从维熙以"鸡鸭"养护者为题材分别创作了短篇小说《鸡鸭名家》和《鸡鸭委员》。两位作者虽均围绕主人公的看鸡养鸭经历讲故事,但在塑造人物形象等方面仍表现出巨大差异:汪曾祺抒写二位"名家"散淡、风流与自在的人生情志,从维熙叙写"委员"翠枝儿在饲养鸡鸭时表现出的超乎年龄的政治觉悟和奉献精神;汪曾祺重视发掘底层人物的力与美,从维熙更多遵从"十七年"文学的政治规训,底层民间逐渐退出"十七年"文学的叙事范畴。这源于后"荷花淀派"文学与京派文学之间的差异,反映了"十七年"文学的政治主导和中国新文学的民间叙事之对立。

From 1940s to 1950s,Wang Zengqi and Cong Weixi Raising chickens and ducks theme respec-tively,created the short story Chicken and ducks expert and chickens and ducks administrators.Two authors, though there are around Story telling stories about the experiences of raising chickens and ducks,but in shaping characters such as still showed the huge difference：Wang Zengqi writing Two expert airflow and freedom of mind and life emotion,Cong Weixi describes “members”showed in rearing poultry when beyond the age of polit-ical consciousness and spirit of dedication;Wang Zengqi more attention to explore the beauty and power of Bot-tom folk,Cong Weixi comply with the “seventeen years”political discipline,the bottom of society gradually withdraw from the narrative of “seventeen years”literature category.The source in “Baiyangdian school”the difference between literature and the “Jing school in Beijing opera”,reflecting the antagonism of folk narrative literature in the“seventeen years”of political dominance and Chinese new literature.