董仲舒《春秋》辞法十举

Dong Zhongshu's Ideas on the Ten Ways of Diction in Spring and Autumn

没有董仲舒,后人则很难读懂《春秋》辞。传世文献《春秋繁露》对《春秋》属辞比事的概括主要集中在前六篇。这六篇在《春秋繁露》八十二篇中,编排靠前,写作风格与后半部有别,应该是董子亲撰,是研究董子《春秋》辞法的第一手资料和文献基础。董子《春秋》学盖存辞法二十二种,文章列举其中的常辞、移其辞、况辞、去明著未明、婉辞、微辞、温辞、恶战伐、辞指关系、尤贵尤贱之辞,凡十例。

It would be difficult for the later generations to understand Spring and Autumn without Dong Zhongshu's idea on its ways of diction. The writing style and distinguishing skills in Spring and Autumn are mostly summarized in the first six chapters of the masterpiece of Chunqiu Fanlu. These six chapters, which are arranged in the preceding ones among the 82 chapters and whose writing style is different from the latter chapters, should be written by Dong Zhongshu himself, and they should be the first-hand data and literature basis for the study of Dong Zhongshu's ideas on the ways of diction in Spring and Autumn. There are altogether 22 ways in it and ten of them are listed in this paper, which include the normal way of expression, the way of expression that can be varied, the way of comparison, the way of ignoring what is clear and explaining what is unclear, the way of using euphemism, the way of oblique criticism, the way of implicit criticism, the way of opposing wars, the way of considering the relationships between the choice of the words and the intended meanings, and the way of emphasizing the differences between noble people and humble people, etc.