孟子与董仲舒对仁、义理解之同异

Similarities and Differences of Mencius' and Dong Zhongshu's Understanding of Benevolence and Righteousness

把仁理解为恻隐之心(董仲舒称爱人),是孟子与董仲舒之所同。孟子在讲恻隐之心(即爱人)与亲亲之间,孟子更看重亲亲,董仲舒则更看重爱人;孟子理解的仁(恻隐之心)是自然而然的情感,董仲舒理解的仁(爱人)带有很浓厚的理性成分。董仲舒理解的仁只是爱别人不能包含利己的因素,孟子理解的仁既是利人也允许利己。这是二人之所异。孟子与董仲舒都认为应当用义来调节君臣关系,但是对义的具体含义二人的理解大相径庭。二人都讲义利之辨,但对义、利的含义理解不同。二人都认为仁与义有密切的关联,但是对于关联的表现理解不同。

The similarity of Mencius' and Dong Zhongshu' understanding of benevolence is that they both considered it as sympathy. When it came to the love for everybody and the love only for one's relatives, Mencius attached more importance to the former while Dong Zhongshu to the latter. Mencius thought that benevolence was one's natural emotion while Dong Zhongshu considered that it was more rational. To Dong Zhongshu, benevolence was loving others without any thought of self, however, to Mencius, it benefited both others and self, and this is their difference. Both Mencius and Dong Zhongshu thought that righteousness should be used toregulate the relationship between the monarch and his subjects, but their understandings of the specific meaning of righteousness were quite different. Both of them mentioned the differences of righteousness, but their understandings of their meaning were different. Both of them considered that benevolence and righteousness were closely related to each other, but the understandings of their relevance were different.