儒家“君子文化”的哲学特征及其伦理价值

Philosophical Characteristics of Confucian “Gentleman Culture” and Its Ethical Value

君子是儒家文化的一种理想人格,是一个社会的楷模,是人中之花——"人花";他赋有拯人救世的道义、行仁仗义的情怀、谦恭礼让的胸襟和恪守诚信的践约精神,即赋有道义、礼让、诚信、乐进等独特的君子之性。儒家经典代表"四书"中关于君子的言论较为集中,关于君子的形象也较为生动。《论语》讲君子的仁义、和乐精神;《大学》讲君子的自律、自觉意识;《中庸》讲君子的中正、中庸思想;《孟子》讲君子的平等、伟岸人格。君子文化启示我们,"人有君子之行"是我们人之为人的道义;虽然我们不可能事事都做君子,但是可以事事不做小人。

A gentleman is a kind of ideal personality of Confucian culture, a model of a society, and 'a human flower' among people. He is endowed with the human morality of saving others, the compassion of devoting himself to righteousness and intergrity, the mind of being modest and polite, and the siprit of faithfully adhering to his promise, that is, he has the unique personality of a gentleman. In the masterpiece 'Four Books' of Confucian classics, the statements of a gentleman are mostly expounded, and the images of gentlemen are vividly described. The Analects of Confucius is concerned with benevolence, righteousness, harmonious and happy spirit. The Great Learning is about gentlemen's self discipline and self consciousness. The Doctrine of the Mean is about gentlemen's impartial thought and the thought of the golden mean. Mencius tells gentlemen's equal and great personalities. Gengleman culture gives us enlightenments that 'having a gentleman's behavior is the moral principle for us human beings, and that although we can not be gentlemen in doing everything, we can not be villians.