清代浙江省政区边界的格局构建与空间类型研究

Research on the Pattern Construction and Space Type of Administrative Region Boundary of Zhejiang Province in the Qing Dynasty

政区边界作为政区的基本要素之一,其格局之构建直接有赖于政区边界关系之历史沿袭,以及政区辖地划拨等因素。有清一代,浙江省辖境之内并未发生规模较大的行政区域的划拨调整,其与江苏、安徽、江西、福建等省交界区域之间亦未见有明显的辖地分割与交换,政区等第的升格降级、县名更改等成为政区体系整顿的主要策略,各级行政区域总体继承明制,变迁甚微,呈现较为稳定的局面。浙江各级政区界线通过历史时期不断的积累与调适,及至清代已开始凸显出较为成熟的空间地理特征。以界线的地理形态而论,清代浙江省各级政区界线表现出以海(海岛或洋面)、山(山岭或山系)、水(江河湖溪塘等)、普通聚落点(村庄与市镇等)为界的四大空间类型,而这无疑是浙江空间地理基础与人为政治过程不断互动融合的结果,也构成边界要素所处区域"地理特性"的重要象征。

As one of the basic elements of the administrative region,the construction of the pattern directly depends on historical inheritance and land allocation between the administrative regions. Zhejiang province did not happen to adjust the allocation of a larger administrative region,and there was no obvious division and exchange between the provincial border areas. Administrative demotion or upgraded changes and county name adjustment became the main strategy of administrative region rectification. Administrative regions at all levels inherited the features of the Ming Dynasty,and presented a stable situation. Through constant accumulation and adjustment in the historical period,the administrative region boundaries at all levels of Zhejiang began to highlight the more mature geographic features. The performance of the administrative region boundary at all levels of Zhejiang province in the Qing Dynasty includes four types: bounded by the sea,bounded by the mountains,bounded by the river,and bounded by the settlement. This is the result of the continuous interaction between the spatial geography and the human political process,which constitutes an important symbol of geographical characteristics for boundary region.