播种期对稻茬小麦籽粒产量及物质生产的影响

Effects of Sowing Date on the Grain Yield and Biomass Accumulation of Wheat after Rice

以江苏淮北麦区主推的半冬性小麦淮麦33和弱春性小麦周麦21为材料,设计10月21、26、31日及11月5、10、15日6个播种期,研究稻茬田不同播种期对小麦籽粒产量和物质生产的影响。结果表明,随播种期推迟,小麦籽粒产量呈先增加后降低趋势,播种期10月21—31日小麦籽粒产量差异不显著,但极显著高于其余3个播种期(P<0.01),其中播种期10月26日小麦籽粒产量最高,淮麦33为573.25 kg/667 m2,周麦21为557.19 kg/667 m2;播种期10月21—31日处理籽粒产量高,且在各个生育时期均有相应较高的群体质量性状,如合理的茎蘖数量及较高的成穗率、适宜的叶面积指数、较高的花后干物质积累量。在本试验条件下,淮安市稻茬麦获得高产的适宜播种期范围为10月21—31日。

In order to determine the optimal sowing date of wheat after rice in Huaibei wheat- planting zones of Jiangsu Province,a field trial was performed,involving two wheat varieties( Huaimai 33 and Zhoumai 21) and six sowing dates( October 21,26,31; November 5,10,15). The effects of sowing date on the grain yield and biomass accumulation of wheat after rice were evaluated. With delaying sowing date,wheat grain yield increased first,but then declined. No significant differences in grain yield were noted among the treatments in which seeds were sown on October 21,26 and 31. However,these treatments all achieved significantly( P < 0. 01)higher yields than the treatments with sowing dates in November( 5,10,and 15). Especially,the treatments with the sowing date of October 26 attained the highest grain yields—573. 25 kg /667m2 for Huaimai 33 and 557. 19 kg /667m2 for Zhoumai 21. Furthermore,relative to the treatments with the three sowing dates in November,those with seeds sown in October( 21,26,and 31) were greater in yield and in population qualitative traits such as numbers of main stems and tillers,spike rate,leaf area index,and dry biomass accumulation after anthesis. Therefore,under the field conditions of this trial,the optimal sowing dates for wheat after rice in Huai an City are between October 21 and 31.