高超声速轴对称再入机动飞行器气动外形设计与布局研究

Design for aerodynamic configuration of a hypersonic axisymmetric maneuverable reentry vehicle

为设计大气层内大范围机动、可实现急速拐弯与下压、终端飞行参数可调的高超声速轴对称再入机动飞行器气动外形,针对总体、控制等相关专业的工程研制需求,在剖析机动飞行法向加速度、机动配平能力和机动距离产生机理的基础上,通过经风洞试验修正过的无粘数值计算方法,得到了锥体与翼身组合体气动特性,分析得出了细长双锥体加四个全动式三角形空气舵是满足较高升力和升阻比、静稳定裕度合理、较高舵面效率和较小负载力矩等高超声速机动飞行要求的最佳气动外形;采用混合水平的正交设计法,得到各外形因素影响机动性能的规律和极差值。据此,开展风洞试验,选择出了满足工程研制总体技术指标要求的最优气动外形,并验证了理论预测的合理性。此外,针对优选出的+字布局与×字布局两种不同的布局形式,从舵面控制方式、舵面效率、机动性能和航向稳定性等方面进行了分析与比较,得到×字布局在升力、升阻比、舵面控制效率、静稳定裕度等方面均优于+字布局但工程实现相对复杂的结论。

The problems of aerodynamic configuration design for a hypersonic axisymmetricmaneuverable reentry vehicle is studied. In order to design such a maneuverable which is capabee of wide-range endoatmosphere maneuvering, turning off and pushing downwardat a high speed, and adjustable for terminal flight parameters, and to meet the engineeredrequirements of integrated design or control system, the normal acceleration, maneuveringbalancing ability, and influence factors of maneuvering distance are analyzed, aerodynamiccharacteristics of assemblies of cone and rudders are calculated by inviscid numerical calculatedmethod corrected by past data of wind tunnel tests. The result shows that slender biconic with four rudders is the best aerodynamic configuration to bridge the gap between theaerodynamic requirements, i. e. higher lift,lift-drag ratio, higher rudder control efficiency, andappropriate static margin together with less load-torque. Using orthogonal design method, theimpact tendency and range of different configuration parameters are obtained. Wind tunnel testsare carried out on this basis, and best shape satisfying the general technical specification isproposed . The difference between the cruciform rudders and bifurcate rudders for the chosenshape is compared, draws the conclusion that the bifurcate configuration has better aerodynamic performance no matter in lift, lift-drag ratio, rudder control efficiency, or static margin. Howeverits engineering implementation is relatively difficult.