北京社会阶层空间结构的特点、问题及优化

The Character,Problems and Optimization of the Spatial Structure of Social Strata in Beijing

利用北京市第六次人口普查数据,从功能区和街乡尺度分析北京社会阶层的空间分布,发现北京还未形成以中产阶层为主体的橄榄型社会结构,社会阶层结构在空间分布上表现为四个圈层梯度分布的同心圆格局,在空间分化上表现为阶层分隔与互嵌的马赛克状。研究认为,应该大幅度改革居住证制度以吸纳社会精英、推动社会下层聚居区的绅士化、率先统一城乡经济社会体制、调整超级街乡行政区划,从而优化北京社会阶层的空间结构。

According to the data of sixth National Population Census, this paper analyzs the spatial distribution of social stratum of Beijing by city functional areas and Jiexiang （ sub-district or townships） scale. The study finds that Beijing has not formed a middle class society of olive type and social structure lags to the changes of economic structure. The spatial distribution of social strata shows four layers of concentric circle pattern. The spatial differentiation of social stratum is obviously a social mosaic. The social class distribution appears segregation and embedment. Measurements are proposed to optimize the spatial structure of social stratum of Beijing：reform the residence permission system to absorb the elite, promote the gentrification in the underclass communities, unify urban and rural economic and social system and adjust the super-Jiexiang （ sub-district and township） administrative area.