国内外城市时空间结构研究的渊源及述评

Origins and review of urban time-space structure studies

本文在梳理城市地理学与时间地理学相关概念的基础上总结给出了城市时空间结构的概念内涵。城市时空间结构的内涵是以时间地理学对人地关系地域系统的研究作为基本方法,在城市地域内,以居民日常活动的一个基本周期作为时间尺度,该时空范围内所有人时空活动的关系及其组合状态。具体研究内容包括四个方面:其一,回顾了城市时空间结构的渊源,并对城市实体空间、城市社会空间、城市认知空间以及城市时空间概念进行了对比分析。其二,对国内外城市时空间及其相关研究进行了简要的归纳和梳理。其三,对国内城市时空结构的相关研究进行了回顾。其四,对城市时空间结构研究的相关内容进行了述评。认为随着地理信息技术的发展和多元数据的出现,城市时空间结构有如下特点:在研究内容方面,城市时空间结构研究的内容和切入点不断增多;在研究方法方面不断成熟,时空路径模拟、时空展示和对大数据处理技术方面不断成熟;在研究数据方面,逐步从传统的以出行日志为主的数据源走向以GPS数据和手机数据及其他数据相结合的多元数据融合。

Urban spatial temporal structure is defined as combination and re-lationship of human spatial temporal activities in a certain urban spatial temporal range, with a human daily activity cycle as a time scale, with hu-man-land relationship areal system study in time geography framework as a ba-sic approach. Specifically the contents of the study can be summarized in four-folds. Firstly, the study elaborates origins of urban spatial temporal structure, and analytically compares concepts of urban physical space, urban social space, urban cognitive space, and urban space time. Secondly, domestic and international researches of urban space time are structured and general-ized. Thirdly, the study reviews urban spatial temporal structure researches in China. Finally we give discussion and commentary on urban spatial temporal structure research history. With development of geography information system and arising of multi-sourced data, urban spatial temporal presents following patterns： In research topics, perspectives and objectives of urban spatial temporal structure are continuously increasing. In research methods, space time path simulation, space time visualization and massive data processing are being developed well. In research data, data collection has gradually trans-formed from traditional travel diary data collection into multi-sourced data as GPS data, smartphone data and other data.