发达国家通勤影响个人健康的研究综述与展望

A review of the literature on the impact of commuting on personal health in developed countries

随着社会经济的不断发展,健康问题已经越来越受到大家的关注。通勤作为居民每日的重要出行活动,是时间利用中的重要组成部分。近些年,城市交通状况开始不断恶化,糟糕的通勤形势逐渐对个人的健康状况构成威胁。发达国家较早开始了对该问题的关注,并已取得丰富的研究成果。相较之下,国内关于通勤影响个人健康的文献则相对缺乏。本文主要从个人心理健康、客观健康、健康行为三个维度,对西方发达国家通勤时间、通勤距离、通勤方式等通勤特征对个人健康影响的相关文献进行了系统梳理与评述,并总结其研究数据与研究方法,最后对未来研究进行展望,以期能够为我国城市通勤领域的研究提供新的视角与借鉴。

With the rapid development of society, more and more attention has been paid to the health problems. Commuting, as an important part of the daily activities, is a key component of time use. In recent years, urban traffic is getting worse and worse, the poor commuting situation has gradually become a threat to the health of people. Developed countries has paid attention to ur-ban commuting issues at an earlier time, there has been a wealth of research about the effect of commuting on personal health. However, the domestic re-search on the impact of commuting on personal health is relatively lack. This paper reviews the foreign literatures about the commuting time, commuting dis-tance and commuting mode on people’s health from three perspectives, includ-ing psychological health, physical health and health behaviors, in the hope that it will provide a new perspective to urban commuting research in China.