缅甸缅族王朝民族政策评析

On The Ethnic Policy of the Burmese Dynasty

缅甸长达824年的封建社会有近600年是在缅族统治之下,其民族政策对之后的民族治理策略有着深刻的影响。作为多民族的缅族王朝,为了消解其他少数民族的敌意,稳固其统治,对主要民族孟族、掸族、克伦族实行不同的民族政策:一是对孟族实行亲善与同化政策;二是对掸族采取优待与控制政策;三是对克伦族实施赏赐与忽视政策。在一定程度上缓和了缅族王朝与非缅族的紧张关系,但终究没能团结缅甸民族。正是因为缅族王朝实施部族国家治理,对非缅族实行有差别的民族政策,导致缅甸各族政治认同缺失,产生离心趋势,与缅甸政府一直对抗了60多年。

The Burmese had ruled Burma for nearly 600 years during 824 years of feudal society in Burma. Their ethnic policy has a profound impact on the later national governance strategies in Burma. As a multi-ethnic Dynasty, the Burmese dynasty, to dispel the hostility of other minorities and consolidate its rule, implemented different ethnic policies for the major ethnic Mon, Shan and Karen nationalities： firstly, implemented goodwill and assimilation on Mon, secondly, took preferential treatment and control of Shan, thirdly, implemented the policy of reward and neglect for Karen. This partly eased the tension between the Burmese and the non-Burmese, but failed to unite the nationalities in Burma. Precisely because of the implementation of the Burmese Dynasty＇s tribe state governance and the different ethnic policies for the non Burman, Burma＇s ethnic groups had been lack of political identity, centrifugal tendency and fighting against the governance of Myanmar for more than 60 years.