基于ArcGIS和DEM模型的耕地利用格局分析

The Analysis on Farmland Use Pattern Basing on the Way of Digital Elevation Model and ArcGIS

基于DEM模型和GIS平台,运用景观生态学基本原理,探究黄土高原小流域不同地形条件下的耕地利用格局以及农户经营行为特征,为促进区域农业的可持续发展奠定基础。结果表明：（1）流域内91.64%的耕地集中于〈1300 m高程范围内,90.61%的耕地分布于〈15°的宜耕区;（2）在〈1200 m高程范围内,〈15°的宜耕区内,耕地类型多样,斑块数最多,内部的斑块组合最复杂;在1200~1300 m高程范围内,15~25°坡度区内斑块的连通性好;〉1300 m高程范围内,〉25°坡度地带内,斑块间的干扰性小,景观的破碎化程度也略高;（3）耕地利用的破碎化现状,深刻影响着农户水保行为、种植行为及兼业行为,使得农户经营行为差异化、区域化明显。因此,流域应加强土地综合整治力度,调整农业经营模式,为耕地资源的高效集约利用及农业规模化经营创造条件。

Based on DEM model and GIS platform, we explored the characteristics of farmland use pattern and farmer households＇ production and operation behaviors under different terrain conditions of small watershed of in the Loess Plateau by applying landscape ecological fundamentals, which will lay a foundation for the sustainable development of regional agriculture in the future. The results show that：（1）There were 91.64 percent of farmland concentrating in the elevation range less than 1300m; there were 90.61 percent of farmland distributing in the arable area less than 15°;（2）In the elevation range less than 1200 m and the arable area less than 15° which had rich types, the most number of patch,and the most complicated patch group;it formed a superior connectivity in the range between1200~1300 m and the slope zone of 15~25°; the interference between patches was small and the level of landscape fragmentation was also slightly higher within the range more than 1300 m and the slope zone more than 25°;（3）The current fragmentation situation of farmland use pattern had profound impacts on farmer households＇ soil and water conservation behavior, planting behavior, concurrent business behavior,which made farmer households＇ production and operation behaviors different and regional obviously. Therefore, we need to strengthen comprehensive rearrangement of land and adjust the agricultural production mode, which will create conditions for the high intensitive utilization of farmland resource and agricultural large-scale management.