人的自我异化及其解放路径——《论犹太人问题》的文本学研究

Human Self-Estrangement and Emancipation A Textological Study of Marx's On the Jewish Question

在《论犹太人问题》中,马克思把"犹太人问题"从神学问题转变为社会历史问题,从考察"安息日的犹太人"转向考察"日常的犹太人",从宗教批判进入市民社会批判。他提出,"犹太精神"是现代人自我异化的最高境界体现,只有把市民社会从"犹太精神"的控制下解放出来才能扬弃人的自我异化;只有通过无产阶级革命才能重塑社会关系,最终实现人类解放。

In On the Jewish Question,Marx transformed the Jewish question from a theological question to a social-historical question,from the study on 'the Sabbath Jew'to 'the everyday Jew',from religion critique to the critique of civil society. He pointed out that Judaism was the supreme practical expression of human self-estrangement. Only when the civil society was emancipated from Judaism,could human self-estrangement be sublated. And only through the revolution of the proletariat,could the social relations be reshaped,and society be emancipated.