任豆种源种子性状地理变异研究

Geographic variation in seed traits of different Zenia insignis provenances

【目的】揭示任豆Zenia insignis种源性状地理变异及其规律。【方法】从任豆分布区收集5省21县（市、区）的任豆种子,对种子表型6个性状进行观测,采用方差分析、相关分析、偏相关与聚类分析等方法分析任豆种源种子性状的地理变异。【结果】种子长度、宽度、厚度、长宽比、长厚比、百粒质量6个性状在种源间均存在极显著差异。种子性状变异系数在5.76%-10.16%,其中,种子厚度的变异系数最大,达到10.16%,其次是百粒质量和种子长度,变异系数达8%以上,种子宽度变异系数最小,但变异系数也达5.76%。6个种子性状的重复力均在80%以上,其中,种子长度的重复力最高,达到98.1%,其次是种子厚度和种子宽度,均高达90%以上,种子长宽比的重复力最低,但也达到84.2%。不同种源种子性状与采种点的纬度、经度和海拔呈负相关,其中,种子厚度和百粒质量与纬度呈显著负相关,种子长宽比与海拔呈显著负相关,任豆种子长度、宽度、长宽比、长厚比、百粒质量与采种点年平均气温也均呈负相关,但与年平均降水量呈正相关,而与年均日照时数的相关性均不显著。根据任豆种子6个不同性状指标,对21个种源进行聚类分析,结果表明,21个种源划分为5个类群。【结论】任豆21个种源可以划分为5个类群,划分结果具有明显的地理区域性。

【Objective】In order to investigate the geographical variation in seed traits among different provenances of Zenia insignis.【Method】The seeds from 21 counties of five provinces were collected,six phenotypic traits of the seed were recorded,and the geographic variation in seed traits was analyzed by ANOVA,correlation and partial correlation analysis,and cluster analysis. 【Result】There were highly significant differences in six seed traits including seed length,width,thickness,length / width ratio,width / thickness ratio and 100-seed mass among different provenances. The coefficients of variation of seed traits ranged from 5. 76% to 10. 16%,among them the highest was seed thickness( 10. 16%) while the lowest was seed width( 5. 76%). The repeatabilities of all six traits were above 80%. The repeatability of seed length was the highest( 98. 1%),followed by seed thickness and seed width( > 90%),and the repeatability of seed length / width ratio was the lowest( 84. 2%). All six seed traits showed negative correlations with latitude,longitude and altitude of seed origin. Seed thickness and 100-seed mass had significant negative correlations with latitude,and seed length / width ratio had significant negative correlation with altitude. All seed traits except seed thickness were highly negatively correlated with the average annual temperature,but positively correlated with the average annual precipitation. The correlationsbetween the average annual sunshine hour and seed traits were not significant. Based on the six seed traits,the 21 provenances of Z. insignis were clustered into five groups. 【Conclusion 】The 21 provenances of Z. insignis can be clustered into five groups with clear geographic and regional characteristics.