影响美国大学学分制发展因素及对我国学分制改革的启示

The Factors affecting American Universities' Credit System and Its Enlightenment to China

学分制模式着眼于学生学习的自主选择性,有助于帮助学生学习自己真正感兴趣的东西,研究分析美国大学的学分制模式有助于推动中国本土的学分制改革。美国大学学分制的发展受到了外部和内部两大因素的影响。外部因素包括了政府制定的政策法律,美国社会文化的渗透,以及市场需求的影响。而内部因素,除了学校机构本身制定的政策法规因素外,学生个体对学分制的顺利展开也有很大的影响。而学分制仍存在不少弊端,如学分的获得并不等同于学生所掌握的知识技能水平。美国不少大学正积极探寻学分制改革的新方向以满足市场的需求。我国在进行高等教学学分制改革时需注意进一步推行选修制、课程设置更加合理化、深化学业评价体系、加强校际学分转化机制等问题。

The credit system of American universities emphasis students’self selection for learning. It helps students to learn what they are really interested in. Analyzing the credit system of American universities can help Chinese universities to reform its own credit system. The credit system of American universities has been influenced by external and internal factors. The external factors include the government’s education laws, American cultures, and the market demands. Expect for universities’own policies, internal factors includes students’influences. The credit system still has many disadvantages, such as credit is not equal to the level of knowledge and skills mastered by students. Nowadays, more and more American universities work on the reform of credit system to meet the market demands. Our country needs pay more attention to the course elective system, course setting, academic evaluation system, and intercollegiate credit transfer mechanism when developing the higher education credit system.