中国北方汉族头面部形态学特征

Morphological characteristics of head and face in northern Han Chinese

目的：研究中国北方汉族头面部形态学特征.方法：2009年至2012年测量了11732例（男性5 840例,女性5 892例）北方汉族的头面部人体测量学指标,分析了北方汉族头面部形态特征.结果：按照指数均数,北方汉族男性、女性均为圆头型、高头型、狭头型、狭面型、中鼻型.在北方汉族中,东北方言族群头圆,头阔,头最宽,面最宽,两个下颌角间距离最大,两眼间距离最近,面高值大,鼻翼较宽,鼻狭,耳大,耳圆.华北方言族群头较狭长,额头窄,面阔,两眼间距离较宽,鼻背较低.西北方言族群头狭长,头短而高,面窄,两个下颌角间距离较窄,鼻短.结论：北方汉族的3个族群头面部特征有明显的共性,也存在彼此的差异,遗传、环境是影响头面部形态特征形成的主要因素.

Objective To analyze the morphological characteristics of head and face in Northern Han Chinese. Methods： Wemeasured head-face anthropometry indexes of 11 732 northern Han Chinese adults （5 840 men and 5 2009 and 2012 to analyze head-face morphological characteristics. Results： The study showed that typical classifications ofmales and females of northern Han Chinese were brachycephaly, hypsicephalic, acrocephalic, leptoprosopy, mesorrhinyaccording to the mean values of indicators. In northernHan Chinese,northeast dialect groups have round and wide head,head breadth,bigonial breadth and face breadth of the widest,interocular breadth of the closest,morphological facial height of thebiggest,nose breadth of the broadest, narrow nose,large and round ears. North dialect groups have narrow head,narrowforehead,broad face breadth,broad in ter ocular breadth, and low nasal profile. Northwest dialect groups had narrow head,short and high head,narrow face breadth,narrow bigonial breadth,and short nose. Conclusion： The head-face morphological characteristics of three groups in Northern Han Chinese have obvious commonalities while there exists differences amongthem. The major factors that influence head-face morphological characteristics are heredity and environment.