1982年以来北京人口时空演变研究

The Spatio-Temproal Evolution of Beijing Population Since 1982

利用第三次、第四次、第五次和第六次全国人口普查数据,借助ArcGIS空间分析技术,对北京1982～2010年间的人口时空演变进行了分析研究.结果表明：北京人口规模大,增长速度快,外来常住人口的增加是城市人口规模扩大的主要原因;北京人口呈火山口型的分布格局虽然没有改变,但已由尖锐单峰式火山口型向较低缓多峰式火山口型分布格局转变,人口呈圈层梯度推移式辐射扩张和沿放射状干道外向发展;核心区人口逐步向外疏散,城市功能拓展区和城市发展新区人口不断集中;外来常住人口居住地空间分布呈现大分散、小聚居的特点,主要分布在近郊区的乡镇街道,形成围绕核心区的反“C”字形的环状分布带.城市化快速发展、多元化城市定位、产业结构调整、低层次产业吸引、城市规划引导是北京人口时空演变的作用机制.

By using ArcGIS spatial analysis technology,this paper analyzes the spatio-temproal evolution of Beijing popula?tion based on the third,fourth,fifth and sixth population census of Beijing. The results showed that:(1)Beijing has a large population and fast population growth. The main reason why the city population scale is that increased foreign resident popu?lation.(2)The spatial pattern of Beijing population formed volcano mouth as a whole. Which has undergone“a single peak volcano type”to“multi peak volcano type”reconstruction process. The outward expansion radiates as a circle and along mul?tiple main streets. The population move outward in the core area while the population is concentrated in the city function de?velopment area and the city new district. Distribution of foreign resident population has an extensive dispersion with localized concentrations. It shaped the inverted“C”around the core area of city.(3)The mechanisms of the spatio-temproal evolution have the rapid urbanization,diversified functional orientation,the industrial structure adjustment,the low industrial levels and the urban whole planning.