“安居”还是“乐业”:农民城镇化困境的探析

“Dwell in Peace” or “Work in Peace”:Explore and Analyze Farmers' Urbanization Dilemma

文章基于社会学定性研究的方法,以安居和乐业为视角,利用一些典型案例阐释了农民城镇化困境。研究发现,在农民城镇化过程中,农村和小城镇给予农民的是安居:便宜的房子、低成本的生活、熟悉的环境、剪不断的乡情;而大城市给予农民的是乐业:就业机会多、工资待遇不低。农民城镇化困境分为传统类型、新类型、特殊类型三大类,在困境中,农民的"安居"与"乐业"不能兼得,经过进城买房的利弊权衡和外出打工的策略选择,在没有最优的情况下,绝大多数农民选择次优:青壮年进城打工"乐业",老人和孩子留守农村"安居"。农民的城镇化困境不容忽视。

Based on the method of qualitative research of sociology,in the perspective of how to reside and live,by using some typical cases to interpret the predicament of farmers’urbanization. The study found that,in the process of the farmers’ urbanization,rural areas,towns and small cities give farmers housing in peace:cheap house,low cost of living,the familiar environment,persistent nostalgia;And big cities give farmers work in peace:employment opportunities,salary is not low. The dilemma of rural urbanization can be divided into three categories:traditional type and new type,special type. In the di?lemma,farmers can’t get“housing”and“work”at the same time,they have to choose one. There is no best,after the trade-offs of buying a house and the strategy of going out for work,most farmers tend to choose the suboptimal:The adults go to city for a good job,the old and the children are left in the rural. The dilemma of urbanization for farmers should not be ignored.