“披袍秉笏”杂剧内涵新证——兼论参军色、孤色服饰在元明杂剧中的演变

On the Drama of “Robe and Wat”——With the Evolution of the Army Color and Solitary Color Clothes in Dramas of Yuan and Ming Dynasties

元夏庭芝《青楼集志》载"披秉"杂剧,明朱权《太和正音谱》易为"披袍秉笏",注曰"君臣杂剧",朱权以文本为据不如夏庭芝内行,"君臣杂剧"说不足信。考"披袍秉笏"装扮源流,唐参军戏、宋金杂戏之"绿衣秉简"为元杂剧"襕衫秉笏"的直接来源,"披袍"则另有所出。脉钞本杂剧穿关中,"秉笏"者多为文官,"披袍"者多为武将。元刊杂剧之"披秉"似笼统强调装扮高官,明代以"秉笏"、"披袍"区分文武的特点更明显。故"披袍秉笏"杂剧与其说是君臣杂剧,不如说是以文臣谋略、武将征战为主的戏。

＂Dressing＂（ 披秉） in Chronicle of Brothels by Xia Tingzhi in Yuan Dynasty became＂Robe and Wat＂（ 披袍秉笏）in Taihe Pronunciation Spectrum by Zhu Quan in Ming Dynasty,with the note of ＂drama of the monarch and his subjects＂.＂Green Clothes and Slips＂（ 绿衣秉简） in dramas of Tang,Song and Jin Dynasties is the direct source of＂Clothes and Wat＂（ 襕衫秉笏） in dramas of Yuan Dynasty,but＂Robe＂（ 披袍） has another source. ＂Dressing＂of Yuan dramas is the clothes of officials,but ＂Robe＂and ＂Wat＂in dramas of Ming Dynasty obviously have a distinction between the civil and military roles. Therefore,the drama of ＂Robe and Wat＂is the civil and military drama rather than the drama of the monarch and his subjects.