中国3城市9484例儿童安全座椅使用及认知状况

Survey on the awareness and use of child safety seat among 9484 cases in three Chinese cities

目的了解我国发达城市地区0~6岁儿童使用儿童安全座椅现况及家长对儿童乘车安全认知水平,为推动我国国家级儿童安全座椅强制使用立法提供参考依据。方法 2014年3-6月中国疾控中心慢病中心采用自填式问卷调查法,对北京、上海、深圳3个城市随机抽样9 484个拥有1辆及以上私家轿车家庭的0~6岁儿童家长进行儿童安全座椅使用情况及儿童乘车安全认知状况调查。结果有39.17%（3 708/9 466）家庭拥有儿童安全座椅,儿童安全座椅的使用率为32.61%（3 086/9 463）,总是使用率为16.28%（1 541/9 463）,正确使用率为20.83%（1 872/8 988）。家长受教育水平高、家长对儿童乘车安全知识认知高、家长自身驾驶行为正确以及家庭收入水平高的家庭儿童安全座椅使用率高;低频率、近距离的乘车出行暴露下儿童安全座椅使用率低。仅16.19%（1 528/9 437）调查对象对6项儿童乘车安全知识全部认知正确,儿童安全乘车方式认知正确的家长有56.18%（5 295/9 425）。有77.20%（7 316/9 477）家长认为需要制定相关法律要求儿童乘车必须使用儿童安全座椅。结论家长的儿童乘车安全知识掌握程度较低,对儿童安全乘车方式和儿童安全座椅及安全带的使用存在认知误区,儿童安全座椅的使用率较低,建议采取针对性的教育和支持性干预措施和项目。

Objective To get to know the current status of child safety seat use among children aged from 0 to 6 years old in Chinese developed cities and their parents＇ awareness of child passenger safety, so as to provide reference for the promotion of national legislation for mandatory usage of child safety seat. Methods A total of 9 484 parents whose children aged from 0 to 6 years old in Beijing, Shanghai or Shenzhen were randomly selected and surveyed by using self-administered questionnaires to get to know their use of child safety seat and awareness of child passenger safety. All those families owned at least one private car. The survey was carried out by the National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from March to June in 2014. Results Among those families, 39.17% （3 708/9 466） owned child safety seats, and the utilization rate of which reached 32.61% （3 086/9 463）. The overall utilization rate was 16.28% （1 541/9 463） and the correct utilization rate amounted to 20.83% （1 872/ 8 988 ）. Parents with high educational level, high level of awareness of child passenger safety, correct driving behavior, and high family income had higher utilization rate of child safety seats. Families who traveled at low frequencies and short distances had lower utilization rate of child safety seats. Only 16.19% （ 1 528/9 437 ） of the parents had full knowledge of ＇all six terms concerning child passenger safety. In total, 56.18% （5 295/9 425） of the parents knew how to transport children safely. Besides, 77.20% of the parents （7 316/ 9 477 ） helieved that related laws had to be legislated to realize the mandatory use of child safety seats when travelling with children in cars. Conclusion Parents have a relatively low level of knowledge concerning child passenger safety and misunderstanding in the correct way to transport children safely and use child safety seat as well as safety belt. The utilization rate of child safety seat is relatively low. Thus, targeted education and supported measures as well as projects need to be carried out.