孕期营养干预及体重管理对妊娠结局的影响

Effect of pregnancy nutrition intervention and weight management on pregnancy outcomes

目的通过对孕妇的孕期营养和体重状况进行有针对性的干预和管理,分析其对妊娠结局的影响。方法按照自愿原则,对2013至2014年在陕西省宝鸡市妇幼保健院进行定期产前检查的200例孕妇(干预组)进行有针对性的营养干预和体重管理,比较同期未进行营养干预和体重管理的200例孕妇(对照组)的产前检查结果以及妊娠结局。结果两组孕妇体重指数在孕早期、12周、20周均无显著性差异(t值分别为1.93、1.85、1.67,均P>0.05);干预组孕28周、36周、分娩时的BMI均显著低于对照组(t值分别为6.95、10.95、10.63,均P<0.05)。干预组妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、剖宫产、产后出血和巨大儿发生率均显著低于对照组(χ2值分别为19.00、17.47、19.18、16.56、12.44,均P<0.01)。结论有效的孕期营养干预及体重管理可以保证孕期营养摄入平衡、避免孕期体重过度增长,对妊娠结局有积极的帮助作用。

Objective To interfere and manage pregnant women＇ s nutrition and weight status and explore their influence on pregnancy outcomes. Methods During 2013 to 2014 totally 200 pregnant women with regular prenatal examination in Baoji Maternity and Child Care Center （intervention group） were carried out intervention of pregnancy nutrition and weight management, and they were compared in perinatal examination and pregnancy outcomes with 200 cases of pregnant women without pregnancy nutrition intervention and weight management （control group）. Results The body mass index （BMI） of two groups was not significantly different in early pregnant, at 12 and 20 weeks of gestation （ t value was 1.93, 1.85 and 1.67, respectively, all P 〉 0.05 ）. BMI of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of control group at 28 weeks and 36 weeks of gestation and delivery （ t value was 6.95, 10.95 and 10.63, respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. Compared with the control group, the incidence of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage and macrosomia was significantly lower in the intervention group （X2 value was 19.00, 17.47, 19.18, 16.56 and 12.44, respectively, all P 〈 O. 01 ）. Conclusion Effective intervention of pregnancy nutrition and weight management can maintain the balance of nutritional intake and avoid excessive growth of body weight during pregnancy, which contributes to good pregnancy outcomes.