父母比较式教养及其与青少年自尊和抑郁的关系

Comparative Parenting Style and Its Relationship with Self-esteem and Depression of Adolescents

目的:考察父母使用比较式教养的情况及其与青少年的自尊和抑郁的关系。方法:对297名青少年施测自编的比较式教养调查问卷和自尊量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)抑郁分量表。结果:142%的学生报告父母总是或经常采用比较式教养,只有7%的学生报告他们的父母从来不使用这种方式;2父母多用于比较的对象主要集中于学校同学(73.1%),亲戚家孩子(46.8%),社会上年龄相仿的同龄人(28.3%)和兄弟姐妹(27.6%);3父母主要是比较孩子的学习成绩(58.2%)、生活习惯(26.6%)、独立能力(24.9%)和生活中的琐事(21.5%);4父母较多进行上行比较而比较少进行下行比较;5母亲是比较教养方式的最主要使用者(49.5%),而父亲则较少使用这种方式(13.5%);6青少年对父母进行比较式教养的态度普遍持消极的评价;7比较教养的频率与自尊呈显著负相关(r=-0.18,P<0.01),而与抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.15,P<0.01);下行比较的频率则与自尊有显著的正相关(r=0.20,P<0.01),而与抑郁呈显著负相关(r=-0.14,P<0.05);上行比较的频率则与自尊呈显著的负相关(r=-0.15,P<0.01),而与抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.15,P<0.01);青少年对比较式教养的评价与他们的自尊成显著的正相关(r=0.21,P<0.01),而与抑郁呈显著的负相关(r=-0.20,P<0.01)。结论:比较式教养是中国父母经常使用的一种中国特色的教养方式,并且与青少年的心理健康存在负向的关系。

Objective：To investigate comparative parenting style and its relationship to adolescents’ self -esteem and depression .Methods：Two hundred and ninety -seven adolescents were administered with comparative parenting style questionnaire and Rosenberg Self -esteem Scale ,and depression subscale of SCL -90 .Results：① Forty -two percent of parents used comparative parenting style always or frequently ,only 7% never used such parenting style .②Parents usually compared their own kids with their classmates or school mates（73 1.% ） ,kids of relative（46 8.% ） , similar peers（28 3.% ）and siblings（27 6.% ） .③Parents mainly compared their kids’ academic performance（58 2.% ） , habits（26 6.% ） ,independence（24 9.% ）and little nothings of life（21 5.% ）with their counterparts .④ Parents used up‐ward comparison frequently but rarely used downward comparison .⑤ Mother used comparative style most（49 5.% ） , father used this style lesser .⑥ Adolescents rated the comparative parenting style negatively generally .⑦ Frequency of comparative parenting style correlated with self -esteem negatively（r=‐0 1.8 ,P〈0 0.1）while correlated with de‐pression positively（r=0 1.5 ,P〈0 0.1） .Downward comparison correlated with self -esteem positively（r=0 2.0 ,P〈0 0.1）while correlated with depression negatively（r=‐0 .14 ,P〈0 .05） .Instead ,upward comparison correlated with self -esteem negatively（r=‐0 1.5 ,P〈0 0.1）while correlated with depression positively（r=0 1.5 ,P〈0 0.1） .The atti‐tude towards comparative parenting style correlated with self -esteem positively（r=0 2.1 ,P〈0 0.1）while correlated with depression negatively .Conclusion：Chinese parents use comparative parenting style quite frequently and it is re‐lated with adolescents’ mental health .