唐五代明算科与算学教育

Ming Suan and Mathematics Education of the Tang and Five Dynasties

唐承隋制,在武德二年设国子学时应该保留了算学,武德六年就有算学博士的明确记载。唐代算学经历一个反复废立的过程,曾一度改隶太史局、秘书局。大概在中宗反正后,算学重归国子监。明算科的设置应该在武德四年与其他诸科一起设置。根据举子选习算经的不同,其考试内容分为两类。考试的方法大致与明经相同。明算出身,仅授从九品下,为唐五代最低释褐官。但因其知识狭窄,缺乏从政所需的文官素质,罕有获重用者。算学出身自然在历史舞台上的作用微乎其微。

The Tang Dynasty followed the Sui Dynasty＇ s regulations. In the second year of Wude, mathematics might be kept when the Imperial Academy was set up. In the sixth year of Wude, there already were explicit records about Mathematics Doctor. Mathematics in the Tang Dynasty had experienced ups and downs. Although in the third year of Xianqing and the third year of Longshuo, mathematics once belonged to the Grand Astrology Administration and the Secretariat, it might belong to the Imperial Academy again during the Zhongzong Fanzheng period. The policy of Ming Suan and other subjects was probably made in the fourth year of Wude. The examination content for Ming Suan scholars was based on the different choices of the Suan Jing （mathematics） and divided into two types. The test methods might be the same as Ming Suan. Ming Suan scholars only gained the rank below nine in the official rank system, which was the lowest officials were assigned in the Tang and Five Dynasties. Because Ming Suan scholars lacked the knowledge and civilian quality required for politics, it was hard for them to get into an important position. Ultimately, they had not had much impact on history.