社区高血压患者自我管理现状及影响因素

Analysis of self-management status and influencing factors of patients with hypertension in community

目的了解社区高血压患者自我管理现状，分析高血压患者自我管理行为影响因素，为促进高血压患者A我管理行为的形成和维持提供理论依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，对武汉市559例高血压患者进行社区居民高血压患者自我健康管理调查，分析患者自我管理行为现状及其影响因素。结果研究对象平均年龄为（61．3±8．4）岁，定期测量血压达标率为38．4％；规律服药率为63．8％；低盐饮食达标率为37．7％；规律运动达标率为50．5％；自我管理行为得分为（0．60±0．21）分。自我效能是自我管理行为得分的影响因素（β=0．0421，P〈0．01）。结论 自我效能等心理因素与自我管理行为密切相关，应以心理行为理论为指导，制订针对心理方面的干预措施。

Objective To reveal the self-management status of patients with hypertension in community, and to analyze the influencing factors of self-management behavior so as to provide theoretical basis for the formation and maintenance of self-management. Methods With the method of stratified random cluster sampling, 559 patients with hypertension were selected from twelve communities in six urban districts of Wuhan completed the questionnaire survey to analyze the demographic characteristics, executive condition of self-management behavior and related psychological behavior with hypertension patients. Results The average age was （61.2± 8.4） years. The rate of measuring blood pressure regularly was 38.39%, rate of regular medication was 63.83%, rate of low salt diet was 37.72%, and the rate of regular exercise was 50.45%. The score of self-management was 0.60±0.21. Self efficacy was the influencing factor of self-management score （β =0.042 1, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Self assessed efficacy is closely related to self-management. Intervention should be guided by psychological behavior theory, and emphasized on psychological aspect.