健康体检人群脑卒中相关危险因素的调查与分析

Distribution of risk factors for stroke in health checkup population

目的了解健康体检人群脑卒中危险因素暴露水平及其分布特征。方法2011年7月1日至2013年6月30日在山东大学附属干佛山医院和山东大学附属省立医院健康管理中心的体检人群，对其进行问卷调查、体格检查、生化检查、心电图检查等。按年龄、性别分组，对危险因素暴露水平及其人群分布特征进行分析。结果本研究共调查了95909名体检者，其中男性59686人，（44．48±14．43）岁，女性36223人，（44．80±13．90）岁。所调查的10项脑卒中相关危险因素中，缺乏运动（65234例，68．02％）、超重（58064例，60．54％）、血脂异常（55890例，58．27％）暴露水平较高；各危险因素暴露水平随年龄增加而增高（P〈0．01），同时也存在性别差异。结论健康体检人群中脑卒中相关危险因素的暴露水较高，且不同性别、不同年龄段人群的暴露水平均存在差异，因此，在健康管理中心针对体检人群开展脑卒中相关危险因素的筛查及适宜规范化健康管理是十分必要的，同时也是对目前脑卒中预防干预策略的重要补充。

Objective To find out the exposure level and distributional characteristics of risk factors for stroke in health checkup population. Methods Target population was selected from two health management centers including Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University in Shandong province. Data were investigated with a questionnaire which included general information, physical examination, laboratory examination and electrocardiography. Exposure rate of risk factors and its distributional characteristics were described. Results A total of 95 909 individuals were enrolled into data analysis, including 59 686 males （age： 44.48± 14.43）, 36 223 females （age： 44.80±13.90）. The major risk factors were lack of exercises （68.02%）, overweight （60.54%）and dyslipidemia （58.27%）. There were significant differences in age groups and sex. Conclusion Exposure rate of risk factor for stroke was high and there were substantial differences between sex and age in health checkup population. Screening and health management for stroke risks might be a necessary strategy for the preventive intervention.