中美科学教科书中科学史内容的比较研究——以高中“分子与细胞”主题为例

Comparative Study on History of Science in Science Textbooks from Sino US——Taking the“Molecular and Cellula”Theme in High School Textbook for Example

科学史融入科学教科书有助于学生对科学的理解。此研究从科学史内容的呈现方式、类型和维度分布三个方面对中国和美国的三套高中生物学教科书中关于"分子与细胞"的内容做了分析。结果显示,我国教科书中科学史单元的比例和每页平均科学史单元数目都高于美国。在呈现方式方面,中美教科书中科学史单元大都出现在正文中。在类型方面,美国教科书四种类型的比重相对均衡,而中国教科书以描述科学家的生平、性格或爱好的类型为主。在维度分布方面,美国教科书分布较为均衡,我国教科书在三个维度的分布比例不均衡,过于注重科学知识的传授,而科学探究和科学情境的比例偏低。在教科书修订时可适当调整三个维度的比重,以更好地从不同角度诠释科学。

History, of science （HOS） is helpful for students to understand science. In this study, the topic of ＂molecu- lar and cell＂ in three high schooi biology textbooks from China and USA were selected as samples to analyze the represen- tation of history, of science with respect to format, presentation styles and dimension. Results indicate that： （a） Both the HOS unit percentage and the average number of HOS unit per page of Chinese biology textbook are higher than those of the United States. （b） In terms of presentation,the history of science elements is most likely to be in the Main Text style for all three high school biology textbooks. （c） The pcrcemages of four HOS presentations styles of American textbook are more balanced than that of Chinese.（d）HOS units in every textbook examined devoted more attention to the conceptual domain than to other two domain.