三江黄牛RAPD遗传多样性研究

Genetic variationin San Jiang cattle by RAPD technique

为了研究三江黄牛品种的遗传多样性,保护其丰富的遗传资源,本研究采用RAPD技术对两地(三江乡、水磨镇)共61头三江黄牛基因组DNA进行分析,从26个引物中筛选出9个特异性较强的引物对全基因组进行扩增,分析种群的遗传多样性。结果表明:61个样本共扩增出51种条带,多态性条带为43,多态频率为84.31%,在三江群中,多态位点36个,多态频率为70.59%,在水磨群中,多态位点40个,多态频率为78.43%,Nei氏基因多样性指数(H)分别为0.273 1、0.295 8。显示两地群体遗传多样性均较丰富,且多样性指数较接近。三江黄牛种群Shannon's多样性指数(I)、基因多样度(H)和有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为0.464 8、0.313 5、1.544 8,群体总的遗传多样性指数(Ht)、群体内遗传多样性指数(Hs)、群体分化指数(Gst)和基因流(Nm)分别为0.313 0、0.284 4、0.091 3和4.977 2。结果提示三江黄牛的遗传多样性具有一定的丰富程度,对三江黄牛资源研究、品种保护有理论意义。

In order to study the genetic diversity of Sanjiang cattle and protect the abundant genetic resources, this research was conducted to investigate 61 individual genomic DNA of Sanjiang cattle by using RAPD technology. The 9 high specificity primers were screened from 26 primers to amplify the whole genome and the genetic diversity of the population was analyzed. The results showed that 51 bands were detected clearly, in which there were 43 polymorphic bands. The polymorphic frequency was 84. 31%. In Sanjiang group, polymorphic sites accoun- ted for 36, the polymorphic frequency was 70. 59%. In Shuimo group, polymorphic sites accounted for 43, the polymorphic frequency was 84. 31%. Nei＇s gene diversity index was respectively 0. 273 1,0. 295 8, which indicated that two group had rich gene diversity and closer diversity index. The Shannon＇s diversity index （ I）, gene diversity （H） and effective number of alleles （Ne） of Sanjiang cattle population were 0. 464 8, 0. 313 5, 1. 544 8 respectively. Genetic diversity （Ht） , genetic diversity within populations （Hs） , Fst （Gst） and gene flow （Nm） were 0. 313 0, 0. 284 4, 0. 091 3 and 4. 977 2, respectively. The result indicated that Sanjiang cattle had certain genetic diversity and helpful to genetic research and species protection.