论人文学作为“精神科学”——兼论中国人文精神教化之学的特质

On the Study of Humanity as “Spiritual Science”,and the Features of Chinese Study of Humanity as Spiritual Cultivation

人文学以探究人的超越精神性存在为依归,在研究宗旨上与通常的"人文科学"研究区分开来。人文学作为实践智慧,既是精神教化之学,亦是精神教化之道。中国哲学有悠长的精神教化传统,它追求人道与天道的合一,认为人是具有"性智"的动物,主张"转识成智"。作为人文教化之学,中国哲学是即哲学即宗教的,其特点是讲究知行合一,提倡修行,并将人的超越精神性存在归结为存在信念。中国人文教化之学重视文与道的统一,以文载道,道以文显,从而中国人文教化之学与诠释学结下了不解之缘。

Different from the generally called'humanities','the study of humanity'coined in this paper ultimately aims to explore the transcendental spirituality of human beings. As practical wisdom,the study of humanity is not only the study but also the dao of spiritual cultivation. With a long history of spiritual cultivation,Chinese philosophy pursues the unity of the dao of human and the dao of Heaven. Regarding a human being as an animal with'wisdom',Chinese philosophy advocates the'transformation of knowledge into wisdom'. As a study of cultivation,Chinese philosophy is both philosophical and religious. It advocates the unity of knowledge and action,encourages cultivation,and understands human's transcendental spirituality as a belief of existence. Accordingly,Chinese study of humanity attributes importance to the unity of literature and dao,In this sense,Chinese study of humanity has a close relationship with hermeneutics.