近代中国中小学教育挂图的兴起与发展

The Rise and Development of Primary and Middle Schools' Educational Wall Charts in Modern China

教育挂图与教科书一样,它既是近代中国中小学教材建设的重要组成部分,也从一个重要侧面展现了近代中国新式学校教育发展的历史面貌与轨迹。近代中国,中小学教育挂图源于益智书会编译教科书的活动,此时,教育挂图多在教会学校内部使用。清末,随着近代学制的颁布实施和教育改革的推行,清政府倡导,要在我国的基础教育中借鉴日本中小学教科书和教育挂图的教育方式。于是,商务印书馆等民营出版机构聘用日本教育专家指导绘制教育挂图。自此,我国开始尝试自制教育挂图并推广于全国中小学。进入20世纪30年代,近代中国中小学教育挂图的绘制与出版渐趋成熟与普及。具体表现在:既有学科门类较为齐全的挂图出版,还形成了教育挂图审查和训令制度,学校师生参与的自制挂图曾一度出现热潮。

Similar to textbook, educational wall chart was an essential part of teaching materials in Modern China, meanwhile, Which show us the historical appearance and track of New-Type Education from an important perspective. Primary and middle schools＇ educational wall charts in modern China were originated from the publishing activities of School and Textbook Series Committee. At that time, wall charts were being used mainly in missionary schools. After the Schooling Reform（1902）, Late Qing Chinese government proposed to learn and make use of Japanese textbooks and educational wall charts. Publishing agencies such as the Commercial Press hired Japan＇s famous educationists to guide the compiled process of educational wall charts. Then, China has its self-made educational wall charts and soon introduced them to primary and middle schools. By the year around 1930, the compilation and publication activities of schools＇ educational wall chart became mature and popular. The theme of wall charts covered numerous types of disciplines, with inspection and mandate system conducted by Chinese Ministry of Education. It was once a trend that teachers and students of elementary and secondary schools took part in making wall charts for self-use.