2014年北京市顺义区接触苯系物作业人员健康状况调查

Investigation on health status of workers exposed to benzene series in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2014

目的了解北京市顺义区2014年接触苯系物作业人员健康状况,探讨其影响因素,为预防和控制职业病危害的发生提供科学依据。方法按企业规模分层抽样的方法,随机抽取54家涉苯系物企业在岗职业接触苯系物的作业人员共1 036名为调查对象,对其职业健康检查结果进行分析。结果 45岁以上年龄组苯系物作业人员出现眼刺激症状占6.2%。1 036名作业人员中潜在轻度苯中毒危害有46人（4.4%）出现白细胞减少,44人（4.2%）中性粒细胞减少,58人（5.6%）出现血细胞减少（1种或多种血细胞减少之和）。女性接触苯系物作业人员白细胞减少率为7.5%,高于男性（3.4%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=8.10,P〈0.01）。45岁以上年龄组接触苯系物作业人员白细胞减少率最高为9.0%,不同年龄组白细胞减少率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=8.56,P〈0.05）。结论顺义区涉苯系物作业人员仍存在潜在苯中毒危害及神经症状异常,应对重点人群,实行分类管理、重点监督、综合防治,以切实保护接触苯系物作业人员的健康。

[Objective]To understand the health status of workers exposed to benzene series in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2014,explore the influencing factors, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of occupational hazards.[Methods]By using the stratified random sampling method,1 036 workers exposed to benzene series were collected from 54 enterprises,to analyze their occupational health examination results.[Results]6.2% of workers exposed to benzene series in over45 year-old age group suffered from the symptoms of eye irritation. As for the potential mild benzene poisoning,there were 46（4.4%）cases of leucopenia,44（4.2%）cases of neutropenia,and 58（5.6%）cases of cytopenias（including one or more blood cell types decreased）among 1 036 workers. The rate of leucopenia in female workers（7.5%）was higher than that in male workers（3.4%）,and the difference was statistically significant（χ^2 =8.10,P〈0.01）. The rate of leucopenia in workers over 45 years old was the highest（9.0%）. There was statistically significant difference in the rate of leucopenia among different age groups（χ^2 =8.56,P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]There are the potential benzene poisoning and neurological symptoms among workers exposed to benzene series in Shunyi District. It is necessary to carry out the classification management,enhanced supervision and comprehensive prevention and control in high risk population,to effectively protect the health of workers exposed to benzene series.