云南省8种常见野生食用牛肝菌中总砷、总汞、铅、镉含量的检测及食用安全性评价

Detection of total arsenic,total mercury,lead and cadmium contents in 8 kinds of common wild edible Boletus in Yunnan Province and food safety evaluation

目的分析云南省8种常见野生食用牛肝菌中铅、总砷、总汞、镉的含量,以评价其食用的安全性。方法通过原子吸收分光光度计和原子荧光分光光度计分别对所采集的8种牛肝菌进行铅、砷、汞、镉含量的测定,并对其食用安全性进行初步评价。结果 4种重金属总超标率:总汞(87.9%)>镉(37.9%)>总砷(2.5%)>铅(0%)。在8个品种中双色牛肝菌总砷平均值最高为0.34 mg/kg,远东疣柄牛肝菌总汞平均值最高为0.33 mg/kg,双色牛肝菌及金黄牛肝菌铅平均值最高为0.41 mg/kg,美味牛肝菌镉平均值最高为0.37 mg/kg。结论华丽牛肝菌重金属含量最低,灰褐牛肝菌重金属含量最高。对超标食用菌应加强监测,以确保食品安全。

[Objective]To analyze the contents of total arsenic,total mercury,lead and cadmium in 8 kinds of common wild edible Boletus in Yunnan Province,evaluate the food safety.[Methods]The contents of total arsenic,total mercury,lead and cadmium in 8 kinds of common wild edible Boletus were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer,to preliminarily evaluate their food safety.[Results]The total over-standard rates of 4 kinds of heavy metal were as follows： total mercury（87.9%）〉 cadmium（37.9%）〉 total arsenic（2.5%）〉lead（0%）. Among 8 kinds of wild edible Boletus,the total arsenic content in the Boletus bicolor was the highest with the average value of 0.34 mg/kg,the total mercury content in the Leccinum extremiorientale was the highest with the average value of 0.33 mg/kg,the lead contents in the Boletus bicolor and Boletus ornatipes Peck were the highest with the average value of 0.41 mg/kg,and the cadmium content in the Boletus edulis was the highest with the average value of 0.37 mg/kg.[Conclusion]The heavy metal contents in Boletus magnificus Chiu are the lowest,while those in Grey brown boletus are the highest. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring in edible mushrooms with unqualified results to ensure the food safety.