丹东市某机床生产加工企业职业病危害现状评价

Evaluation on current situation of occupational hazards in a machine tool production and processing enterprise of Dandong City

目的对某机床生产加工企业进行职业病危害现状评价,找出关键控制岗位和关键控制点,提出相应的职业病控制措施。方法通过职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测等方法收集数据和资料,对该企业职业病危害现状进行评价。结果该企业存在的职业病危害因素有粉尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、臭氧、紫外辐射、噪声及高温。检测结果:总粉尘检测8个岗位和呼尘5个岗位均不超标。毒物检测7个岗位时间加权平均(TWA)浓度不超标,喷漆甲苯和二甲苯短时间接触浓度(STEL)超标、电焊臭氧STEL最高浓度不超标。噪声检测6个岗位8 h等效连续A声级不超标。高温及紫外辐射检测2个岗位均未超标。结论该企业工作场所中职业病危害分类为较重,职业卫生状况基本达到国家卫生标准,其中铸造、喷漆等5个岗位为关键控制岗位,铸造的粉尘、喷漆的苯、甲苯、二甲苯等为关键控制点。企业的职业病危害控制措施基本有效,但应加强关键岗位的控制措施及制度的长效机制,保护职工的身体健康。

[Objectives]To evaluate the present situation of occupational hazards in a machine tool production and processing enterprise,find out the critical control posts and critical control points,and put forward the corresponding control measures against occupational hazards.[Methods] The occupational health field investigation and occupational health detection were used to collect the data and information,to evaluate the present situation of occupational hazards in this enterprise.[Results] The occupational hazard factors existed in the enterprise included dust,benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene,carbon monoxide,sulfur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide,ozone,ultraviolet radiation,noise and high temperature. The detection results showed that the concentrations of total dust in 8 posts and respirable dust in 5 posts did not exceed the standard. The time-weighted average concentrations（TWA） of poisons in 7 posts met the standard,the short time exposure concentrations（STEL） of toluene and xylene in paint-spraying post exceeded the standards,and highest concentration of ozone STEL in welding post did not exceed the standard. 8 h equivalent continuous A level of noise in 6 posts did not exceed the standard. The levels of high temperature and ultraviolet radiation in 2 posts met the standard.[Conclusion] The occupational hazards at workplace of the enterprise are relatively serious,and the occupational health status basically reaches the national health standard. Thereinto,five posts,such as casting and paint-spraying,are the critical control posts,while dust in casting post and benzene,toluene and xylene in paintspraying post are the critical control points. The control measures against the occupational hazards are basically effective. However,it is necessary to strengthen the control measures in critical control posts and the long-term mechanism of the control system to protect the health of employees.