北京市公众应急知识与技能现状及其影响因素

Status of emergency knowledge and skills and its influencing factors among residents in Beijing

目的了解北京市居民应急知识和技能水平及其影响因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,选取北京市18岁以上居民1 000人进行问卷调查。结果 988人参加调查,男性471人,女性516人,缺失1人;平均年龄40.60岁;31人为残疾,残疾率为3.2%。女性、30~39岁年龄组、大专及以上文化程度、3口之家、卫生相关技术人员、高层有电梯、城市居民、受过培训/宣传和演练人群应急知识和技能具备率较高,分别为40.5%、39.5%、38.9%、38.2%、72.0%、38.1%、36.2%、47.2%和52.8%（P〈0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,文化程度、民族、家庭人口数、职业和参加应急演练是应急知识和技能具备情况的影响因素。结论北京市居民应急知识和技能水平较低,今后应根据文化程度、民族、家庭人口数等特点开展应急知识和技能的宣传和培训。

[Objective] To understand the level of emergency knowledge and skills among residents in Beijing,analyze the influencing factors,provide evidences for making intervention measures.[Methods]A questionnaire survey was performed among1 000 residents over 18 years old in Beijing,who were collected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method.[Results]Totally 988 people were investigated,including 471 males,516 females and 1 missing people. The average age was 40.60 years old and the disabled rate was 3.2%. Those people who were female,aged from 30 to 39 years old,having college degree or above,from nuclear family,health related technical personnel,living in high-rise buildings with elevators,living in city,having emergency education or training had higher ratio on emergency knowledge and skills,which was respectively 40.5%,39.5%,38.9%,38.2%,72.0%,38.1%,36.2%,47.2% and 52.8%（P〈0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of emergency knowledge and skills were educational level,nationality,family population,occupation and drill experience.[Conclusion] The level of emergency knowledge and skills among residents in Beijing is not satisfactory. It is necessary to carry out the publicity and training of emergency knowledge and skills based on the characteristics of educational level,nationality and family population.