考虑安全处理比例的冰箱全生命周期影响评价

Full Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Refrigerators Considering Their Security Processing Proportion

为了减少废弃电子电器造成的资源浪费和环境污染,本文采用全生命周期评价(LCA)方法对10000台冰箱进行生命周期评价,比较各个阶段的能源消耗以及环境影响。研究结果表明,对能源消耗的影响,使用阶段最大,其次是原材料提取阶段,废弃处理阶段最小;对主要环境的影响,当安全处理率小于93.73%时,使用阶段最大,其次是制造阶段、原材料提取阶段、废弃处理阶段,销售运输阶段最小。指出有效减小冰箱行业对环境的影响,提高环境质量的关键在于降低使用阶段的电能消耗,并提出降低能耗要求冰箱生产企业改进产品节能设计,提高冰箱能效水平和提高消费者节能意识的建议。

In order to reduce the waste of resource and environment pollution caused by waste electrical and electronic equipment,this paper uses the life cycle assessment（LCA）method to assess 10000 refrigerators,and to compare the energy consumption and environment impacts of various stages.The results show that：the influence on energy consumption is the largest in the use phase and the second largest in raw material extraction phase and smallest in the waste processing phase.From the aspect of main environmental impact,when the safety rate is less than 93.73%,the use phase is the largest,followed by manufacturing,raw materials extraction phase,waste processing stage,and the transport phase is the smallest.At last,this paper points that：（1）the key to reduce the impact of the refrigerator industry on the environment and improve the environment quality is to reduce the power consumption of the use phase;（2）to reduce the energy consumption requirements the refrigerator production enterprises to improve the energy efficiency design of their products and improve the level of refrigerator energy efficiency and suggests improve the consumer consciousness of energy conservation.