1937例胎儿产前超声筛查异常结果分析

Analysis on abnormal prenatal ultrasound screening results of 1973 fetuses

目的探讨产前超声筛查胎儿异常的类型及其与妊娠期影响因素之间的关系。方法收集超声筛查会诊确认的胎儿畸形或异常1 937例,将异常类型按人体组织系统进行分组,又根据妊娠期影响因素存在与否分为研究组和对照组。结果 1胎儿心血管系统、泌尿系统和中枢神经系统异常的孕妇分别为238例、204例和169例,分别占12.29%、10.53%和8.72%;胎儿多系统异常病例中,胎儿附属物、心血管系统和中枢神经系统异常合并其他类型畸形所占比率较高,分别为23.80%、12.29%和13.27%。2胎儿心血管系统、颜面部及颈部、骨骼系统、胎儿附属物畸形或异常的发生率与孕妇妊娠年龄呈正相关性,研究组畸形或异常发生率高于对照组(P<0.05);颜面及颈部畸形分组中,有孕期叶酸服用史孕妇胎儿畸形发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);孕期吸烟胎儿附属物异常发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产前超声筛查中,胎儿心血管系统、泌尿系统和中枢神经系统异常发生率较高,孕妇年龄、孕期增补叶酸和吸烟是胎儿异常发生的3个重要影响因素。

Objective To explore the relationship between the types of abnormal fetuses detected by prenatal ultrasound and the influencing factors during pregnancy.Methods A total of 1 937 cases with fetal malformations or abnormalities diagnosed definitely by ultrasound screening were collected.The abnormalities were grouped according to human tissue system,and the cases were also divided into research group and control group according to the presence of influencing factors during pregnancy.Results The numbers of pregnant women with abnormalities in fetal cardiovascular system,urinary system,and central nervous system were 238 cases,204cases,169 cases,respectively,that took 12.29%,10.53%and 8.72%;among multi-system anomalies,the rates of fetal appendages,cardiovascular system,and central nervous system malformation complicating with other types of malformations were23.80%,12.29% and 13.27%,respectively.The incidence rates of malformations or abnormalities in fetal cardiovascular system,facial and neck,skeletal system,and fetal appendages abnormalities were positively correlated with the age of pregnant women,and the abnormal rate in research group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05);in facial and neck deformity subgroup,the incidence rate of fetal malformations was lower for pregnant women with folic acid intake during pregnancy than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the incidence rate of fetal appendages abnormalities in smoking pregnant women was higher than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound screening reveals high incidence rates of abnormalities in fetal cardiovascular system,urinary system,and central nervous system.Maternal age,folic acid supplement during pregnancy,and smoking are three important factors affecting fetal anomalies.