铝佐剂效应的影响因素及铝佐剂疫苗改进的研究进展

Advance in study on influencing factors of action mechanism and on improvement of aluminum-based adjuvant

铝佐剂是目前应用最为广泛的疫苗佐剂,但其促进免疫反应的机制及其影响因素尚未完全明确。铝佐剂作用机制的前期研究主要集中于储存库效应、促吞噬效应及炎性反应等。进一步研究发现,铝佐剂在机体的固有免疫、获得性免疫、补体系统的反应中均发挥一定作用。除铝佐剂自身因素之外,抗原方面及铝佐剂与抗原的相互作用等均对其效应存在影响。在了解铝佐剂的特点、作用机制及其影响因素的基础上,研究人员正致力于通过改变铝佐剂的理化性质、优化疫苗配方等途径来确保铝佐剂疫苗工艺的稳定性和良好的免疫原性。本文就铝佐剂的作用机制、影响其效应的主要因素及铝佐剂疫苗的改进作一综述。

Currently, aluminum-based adjuvant is the most widely used adjuvant in vaccines. However, the mechanism of aluminum-based adjuvant in promoting the immune response and the relevant influencing factors are still unclear. Previous studies on the mechanism of aluminum-based adjuvant were mainly focused on the repository effect, pro-phagocytic effect and inflammatory reaction. Further studies show that aluminum-based adjuvant plays its role in the innate immune response, acquired immune response and the activity of complement system. In addition to factors of aluminum-based adjuvant itself, factors related to antigens as well as the interactions between aluminum-based adjuvant and antigen show also influence on the effect of aluminum adjuvant. Based on the understanding of characteristics, action mechanism and influ-encing factors of aluminum-based adjuvant, researchers are now working to enhance the technological stability and im-munogenicity of vaccines containing aluminum-based adjuvant, and to lay a foundation of the application of aluminumbased complex adjuvant through ways such as modification of aluminum-based adjuvant and optimization of vaccine formulation. This paper reviews the action mechanism of aluminum adjuvant, the main influencing factors of effect of the adjuvant, as well as the improvement of aluminum adjuvant-containing vaccines.