再论马克思对黑格尔法哲学的批判

Reconsiderations on Karl Marx's Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right

针对学界对马克思《黑格尔法哲学批判》的简单理解,本文指出马克思在该著中对黑格尔法哲学同时展开了双重批判。马克思一方面借助费尔巴哈的唯物主义视角,直接揭示其基本哲学立场,指出它在本质上只是一种神秘主义;另一方面又根据黑格尔本人的逻辑,具体揭示黑格尔国家哲学的实践意义,指出其在实践中不仅无法真实解决现代国家与市民社会之间的两元对立,甚至无法守住现代政治的基本高度。经由对黑格尔法哲学的直接反驳,马克思明确地为自己的下一步思考提出了问题。

Considering the common view of K. Marx's Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right,which takes it as only the effort to reverse the relationship between civil society and the state,it is pointed out in this paper that K. Marx has actually developed dual critiques of Hegel's philosophy of right in this work. On the one hand,following the lead of Feuerbach's materialism,Marx tries to grasp the essence of Hegel's ultimate philosophical standpoint,disclosing that it is only a kind of'logical,pantheist mysticism'. On the other hand,following the lead of Hegel himself,Marx tries to disclose the practical meaning of Hegel's philosophy of right. Marx argues that Hegel's philosophy of the state can in practice neither solve the separation and opposition between civil society and the state,nor sustain the universality of modern politics. It is just through this direct refutation of Hegel's philosophy of right that Marx has put forward the questions for his own thinking.