电动自走式温室水体修复植物收获机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Water Body Restoration Plants Harvester

为解决温室大棚内人工湿地空间狭小、现有收获机械无法进入水池进行收获作业,以及达不到环保作业要求的问题,设计了一种可沿着铺设在水池上方的两条平行固定轨道行走的电动自走式收获机完成温室湿地水池内种植的挺水植物的收获。该机由蓄电池提供动力,设计了电气控制系统,实现了机器的自动行走,机械部分主要由割台、行走机构、旋转机构等组成。试验结果表明,在割刀平均速度0.92 m/s、收获机前进速度0.75~0.92 m/s时,收获效果好,收获作业效率可达7 500~9 000 m^2/h;收获过程中无漏割和重割现象,收获的水草能够自动输送到机器右侧并铺放在通道上;收获过程安静、无废气排放污染,能满足室内收获对作业质量、效率与环保的要求。

A variety of harvesting machines were developed to finish different harvesting works,such as combine-harvester for wheat and rice,harvesting boat for aquatic plants in rivers and lakes,trailer mower for grassland. But these machines are not suitable for aquatic plants growing in orderly arranged pools in large-scale greenhouses,which are used to purify tail water from sewage plants,because water in these pools is deep and space inside greenhouses is not enough for these machines to work in. Additionally,combustion engines are usually used to supply power for existing harvesters,consequently noises and exhaust pollution are serious problems in closed greenhouses. Aquatic plants grow rapidly and need to be cut regularly,which need a lot of labor. To satisfy the need of plants harvesting in greenhouses,research work on the functions,the basic structure,as well as the design of electric control system of a new type of harvester were done. A group of batteries was used in the new harvester to supply power for motors,which were used to drive cutting device,walking system and rotating mechanism separately. When it was working,the harvester walked along two parallel tracks above pools in greenhouses,cut grass in pools and transferred the grass from the left to the right,and then laid down grass on passages between two adjacent rows of pools. By experiments and calculation,the key parameters for the above mentioned mechanisms,such as main sizes,cutting power consumption,motor power,and walking speed weredecided. Harvesting tests showed that when the machine walked at 0. 75 ~ 0. 92 m/s and average cutting speed of the cutter was 0. 92 m/s,good results can be achieved,there were no repeated-cutting or uncut areas. Harvesting efficiency reached 7 500 ~ 9 000 m^2/h,which was more than 20 times of artificial work.