红珊瑚的资源、化学成分及药理活性研究进展

Progress of research on resources,chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of red coral

对红珊瑚的资源分布、形态特征、化学成分、药理作用以及药用情况进行综述。已知珊瑚虫纲有6 100多种生物,其中红珊瑚科29种。目前,红珊瑚资源匮乏,未移植成功。真伪主要以红珊瑚的放射状同心圆结构,纵向纹理,麻点状凹坑等性状进行鉴别。红珊瑚的化学成分有多种正构烷烃类、脂肪醇、偶碳醇、甾醇、角鲨烯和酸类物质,已分离得到反角黄素(4,4’-diketo-β-carotene)和顺式角黄素。红珊瑚有开窍通络,改善神经营养,修复神经病变,接骨续筋等药理作用。红珊瑚在藏、蒙药的26个方剂中均有入药,且是科尔沁包氏祖传秘方"蒙古接骨丹"的君药。

In this paper,the resource distribution,morphological characteristics,chemical constituents,pharmacological actions and medicinal situation of red coral were summarized.There are 6100 species in Anthozoa,and there are 29 species in the Coralliidae.The main characteristics of the concentric circle structure,longitudinal texture and wormhole of the red coral were identified.At present,it has been demonstrated that red coral contains a variety of normal paraffin hydrocarbons,fatty alcohol,even carbon alcohols,phytosterols,squalene and acids.4,4＇-diketo-β-carotene and cis-canthaxanthin were isolated from the red coral.The red coral has the functions of inducing resuscitation,improving neurotrophic,repairing neuropthy and promoting bone healing.There are 26 Mongolian prescriptions which contain red coral.And it is the main component of secret prescription of the Bao family＂Mongolia Jiegudan＂.