湖北省老年人健康状况调查分析

Investigation on health status of elderly people in Hubei province

目的 了解湖北省老年人健康状况，为老年人健康管理提供依据。 方法 于2013年10月至11月，在已确定的20个县（市、区）采取分层整群抽样的方法抽取样本乡镇（街道）和村（居委会），每个村或居委会随机抽取60户常住居民（居住半年以上），对其进行问卷调查，选择了五个健康自我评价指标，采用健康综合评分对居民的健康状况进行评价，按0～100分表示健康状况由最差到最好。分析老年人慢性病患病状况和相关因素。 结果 60岁及以上老年人口数8 358人，其中城市3 738人（44.7%），农村4 620人（55.3%）；男性4 092人（49.0%），女性4 266人（51.0%）；平均年龄（68.5±7.1）岁。老年人健康状况自评得分（72.7±14.7）分；老年人两周患病率45.7%（3 816例），慢性病患病率73.8%（6 169例）。高血压和糖尿病是老年人两周患病和慢性病的最主要构成疾病。经多元Logistic回归分析，城乡、性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态和就业状态是两周患病率的相关因素（均P〈0.05）；而慢性病的相关因素是城乡、性别、年龄、文化程度、就业状态、经济状况（均P〈0.05）。 结论 湖北省老年人健康自评和慢性病患病状况不容乐观，城乡、社会、经济、环境等因素与之相关，故需根据这一特点制定相应的老年人慢性病管理策略。

Objective To study the health status of the elderly in Hubei province,in order to provide the evidence for health management in the elderly. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was applied. 60 resident families who lived there for more than half a year were randomly extracted from each villages or community in 20 pre-confirmed counties（or cities,districts） from October to November 2013. Household questionnaire survey was conducted among these families. 5 self-assessment indexes for health were selected. The health status of residents was evaluated by using comprehensive health assessment,and the score ranges were from 0 to 100, with a value of 0 indicating the worst health status and 100 indicating the best. The prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly and its related factors were analyzed. Results The total number of study people aged 60 years and above were 8 358,with 3 738 urban residents（44.7%）and 4 620 rural residents（55.3%） ,4 092 males（49.0%）and 4 266 females（51.0%） ,and the average age was（68.5± 7.1） years. The score of health self-assessment of the elderly was （72.7 ± 14.7）. The two-week morbidity rate in the elderly was 45.7 % （3 816 cases）,and the prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 73.8% （6 169）. Hypertension and diabetes were the major diseases in the elderly based on the analysis of two-week morbidity and chronic diseases. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that urban- rural difference,gender, age, education level, marital status and employment status were the related factors for the two-week morbidity rate （ all P 〈 0.05）. And urban-rural difference, gender, age, education level, employment status and economic status were also the related factors for the prevalence rate of chronic disease（all P〈0.05）. Conclusions The selbevaluation of health and chronic diseases status are not optimistic in the elderly in Hubei province, which are associated with urban-rural, social, economic and environmental factors. Thus chronic disease management strategy for the elderly should be developed based on these characteristics.