立体栽培模式对老鸦瓣光合特性和生长的影响

Effects of stereoscopic cultivation on photosynthetic characteristics and growth of Tulipa edulis

为研究立体栽培对老鸦瓣生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响,探索老鸦瓣立体栽培的可行性,于老鸦瓣生长旺期采用LI-3100型叶面积仪测量立体栽培上、中、下3层与对照植株总叶面积并用LI-6400XT型光合仪测定叶片光合参数,测定各器官生物量及其生物量分配;并于采收期收获地下子鳞茎后进行子鳞茎更新方式及产量分析。结果表明,立体栽培中层光照强度最低,老鸦瓣叶生物量所占比例最高,而子鳞茎总鲜重与子鳞茎总干重及产量增幅(鲜重)均为各处理中最低,且显著低于对照,其中子鳞茎鲜重比对照降低22.84%。立体栽培下层光强适中,老鸦瓣净光合速率及水分利用率高,鳞茎所占生物量比例最高,且下层子鳞茎总鲜重、子鳞茎总干重及产量增幅(鲜重)与对照相比无显著性差异。综合老鸦瓣生物量、光合特性及产量指标,总体上立体栽培条件下老鸦瓣生长状况与非立体栽培条件下无显著差异。相同土地面积的立体栽培产量比对照提高了161.66%(鲜重)、141.35%(干重)。通过大棚立体栽培可提高空间利用率,有效提高老鸦瓣产量,同时实现老鸦瓣高密度种植。

The effect of stereoscopic cultivation on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Tulipa edulis was studied to explore the feasibility of stereoscopic cultivation on efficient cultivation of T. edulis. Total leaf area and photosynthetic parameters of T. edulis under stereoscopic cultivation （the upper, middle and the lower layers ） and the control were measured using LI-3100 leaf area meter and LI-6400XT photosynthesis system in the growing peak period of T. edulis. Plant biomass and biomass allocation were also determined. In addition, the bulb regeneration and yield of T. edulis were measured in the harvesting time. The results indicated that in the middle layer of stereoscopic cultivation, leaf biomass proportion was the highest, but total bulb fresh and dry weight and output growth （fresh weight） were the lowest among the treatments. And total bulb fresh weight in the middle of stereoscopic cultivation reduced significantly, by 22. 84%, compared with the control. Light intensity in the lower layer of stereoscopic cultivation was moderate, in which T. edulis net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were higher than those of the other layers of stereoscopic cultivation, and bulb biomass proportion was the highest in all the treatments. No significant difference was detected in the total bulb fresh weight, dry weight and output growth （fresh weight） between the middle layer of stereoscopic cultivation and the control. In general, there was no significant difference in the growth status of T. edulis between stereoscopic cultivation and the control. Stereoscopic cultivation increased the yield of T. edulis by 161.66% in fresh weight and 141.35% in dry weight compared with the control in the condition of the same land area, respectively. In conclusion, stereoscopic cultivation can improve space utilization, increase the production, and achieve the high density cultivation of T. edulis.