基于生物敏感界面对重金属离子的检测研究进展

Advances in heavy metal ions electrochemical sensor based on biologically sensitive interface

介绍了近年来重金属离子检测的研究现状,综述了电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的应用及其在检测灵敏度、选择性、响应速度、易于操作与实时在线检测方面的优点,阐述了基于生物敏感界面构建的电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的重要作用。分类讨论了国内外一些典型的特异性识别重金属的生物受体,如核酸类,蛋白质类有氨基酸、酶、抗原抗体,细胞微生物等用于构建敏感界面而开发的生物传感器在重金属离子检测领域的进展与成果,以及在构建敏感界面的过程中各种新型纳米材料如金属纳米粒子、碳纳米材料、纳米复合材料等的应用对传感器检测效果的影响。最后结合生物传感器的现状及相关学科的发展,展望了电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测领域的发展方向。

In this paper,we have introduced the research status of heavy metal ion detection in recent years.The application of electrochemical biosensors in the detection of heavy metal ions and their advantages in sensitivity,selectivity,response speed,easy to operate and real-time on-line detection are summarized.We focus on the important role of the biological sensitive interface construction in the detection of heavy metal ions.We summarize the classification of some typical biological receptors such as nucleic acids,proteins（ amino acids,enzymes,antibodies and antigens） and microbial cells,which have specific recognition with heavy metal ions.And we dis-cuss the development of biosensors in the detection of heavy metal ions using the above sensitive interfaces in detail.The application of various new types of nanomaterials in the process of building sensitive interface,such as metal nanoparticles,carbon nanomaterials,nanocomposite materials,is recommended.In this paper,the application of electrochemical sensor based on the bio-sensing interface in the detection of heavy metal ions is reviewed.At last,according to the current situation of the biosensor and the development of related disciplines,the development direction of electrochemical biosensors in the field of heavy metal ion detection is prospected.