中国大城市职住分离的成因及解决途径——以郑州市为例

Causes and countermeasures of China's "separation of jobs and housing" problem in big cities:taking Zhengzhou City for example

当前,我国大城市职住分离现象呈加剧之势,这一现象体现了城市郊区化过程中就业与居住非同步集聚、产业布局重构、市场化改革与地方政府偏好的多重约束。使用"就业—居住比"指标和空间错位指数实证分析了郑州市的职住分离现象,认为居住区与就业区的进一步分化、新开发区功能的过度单一化以及高房价下的被动郊区化等导致了普遍的职住分离。提出应以"产住一体"、"混合居住"为目标建设3-5个环境宜居、就业多样化、公共服务完善的复合型城市副中心,以避免城郊"空城"或"睡城"的产生;应在老商业区拆迁改造过程中建立就业补偿机制,以维系弱势群体的就业和居住可达性。

At present, the increasing of ＂separation of jobs and housing＂ of the major cities in China reflects the non- synchronous assemble of employment and residence in suburbanization, the reconstruction of industrial layouts, the reform into marketization and the preference of local governments. Empirical studies of Zhengzbou City using the JHR and SMI index propose that the main reasons include the further separation of the residential areas and job areas, the simplification of new zones＇ function, and the preferring to living in Suburb as the high price of housing. Finally, it proposes to construct 3 - 5 complex suburb centers with livable environments, diversifying jobs and im- proved public services under the targets of ＂ industry - live together＂ and ＂ mixed live＂, so as to avoid ＂ empty cities＂ or ＂sleeping cities＂ in suburb. It also puts forwards to establish compensation mechanism of jobs during the reconstruction of traditional commercial districts, in order to maintain the jobs and residents opportunities of vulnerable groups.