苏北滨海滩涂区土壤重金属含量及其时空变异研究

Contents and spatio-temporal variability of soil heavy metals in the coastal mud-flat area of north Jiangsu Province

以苏北沿海某滩涂区为研究区,采用经典统计与地统计相结合的方法总结出2009年和2014年表层土壤Pb、Cr、Cd、As四种元素的含量,分析了土地利用方式对重金属含量影响以及重金属空间分布与时空变异.结果表明：滩涂区土壤4种元素含量基本都低于土壤环境质量一级标准值;2009~2014年的5a间,研究区土壤Cd含量发生显著累积,居民区土壤Pb含量显著增加,工业园区土壤Pb、Cd亦显著累积,各土地利用方式下土壤Cr、As含量变化不显著;受大尺度的潮汐沉积作用与小尺度的人为活动共同控制,两个时期Pb、Cr含量分布具有空间相似性,而Cd、As含量空间分布差异较大;不同土地利用方式下研究区土壤重金属的累积具有变异性和明显的趋势效应,大气沉降是除了土地利用方式以外影响重金属时空变异格局的重要途径.该沿海滩涂区正面临土壤重金属不断累积的问题,应加强监控与源头减量,优化产业布局,推进过程阻断与生态修复.

The study was carried out in a representative coastal mudflat area in north Jiangsu Province, China. Classical statistical and geostatistical methods were employed to summarize the concentrations of the four types of element （Pb, Cr, Cd, As） in surface soil in 2009 and 2014, to analyze the effect of land use types on heavy metal content, and to determine spatial patterns and spatio-temporal variability of soil heavy metals in these two periods. Results indicated that the content was general below the widely accepted environmental quality standard （first class） for the four types of soil elements. During the five years from 2009 to 2014, soil Cd accumulated significantly across the study area, soil Pb content in the residential area also increased remarkably, and significant accumulation of soil Pb and Cd was also observed in the industrial area, whereas the change of soil Cr and As contents was not significant in each type of land use. Under the control of large-scale tide deposits and small-range human activities, soil Pb and Cr contents exhibited similar spatial patterns during these two periods, whereas the spatial patterns of soil Cd and As ahowed great difference in the two periods. The enrichment of soil heavy metals across the different land use in the study area exhibited spatial variability and directional trends. Atmospheric deposition was another important factor that influenced the spatio-temporal variability of soil heavy metals. The coastal mudflat area presently faces the problem of soil heavy metal enrichment. It ought to take preventive countermeasures, such as strengthening in situ monitoring and source reduction, optimizing industrial layout, and prompting process blocking and biological remediation to prevent and minimize heavy metal hazards.