线叶忍冬开花动态特征与繁育系统研究

Stamen Dynamics and Breeding System of Lonicera alberti

为了解线叶忍冬(Lonicera alberti)的开花特性及繁育系统,本研究通过野外调查,记录其花部特征、开花进程及访花昆虫特性,采用TTC、MTT、联苯胺-α萘酚和醋酸洋红四种染色方法测定花粉活力,采用联苯胺—过氧化氢法和MTT两种方法测定其柱头可授性,运用花粉/胚珠比率、杂交指数、人工授粉试验等方法检测线叶忍冬的繁育系统。结果表明:线叶忍冬花朵有花冠裂片逐一展开和花冠裂片同时展开两种开放方式;花粉在散粉后6 h活力达到最高值,柱头可授性在花朵开放后不断增强;膜翅目蜜蜂科意蜂(Apis mellifera L.)在传粉过程中起重要作用;P/O值为583.43±99.9;杂交指数为4;人工授粉套袋试验中人工异株异花授粉结实率为79.17%,自花授粉情况下结实率为9.52%。其繁育系统为混合交配系统,异花传粉需要传粉者。

In order to study the flowering characteristics and breeding system of Lonicera alberti, we observed flower characteristics, floral dynamic and pollination insects in the field during the flowering period. We tested the pollen viability by TTC staining, MTT staining, benzidine cx-naphthol staining and carmine acetate dyeing, and estimated its stigma receptivity by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide and diphenyl tetrazolium bromide staining methods. We studied the breeding system of L. alberti by the pollen-ovule ratio （P/O）, the out-crossing index （OCI）, and artificial pollination methods. There are two kinds of L. alberti flowers opening： corolla lobes blooming one by one and corolla lobes simultaneous blooming. The pollen viability reached the maximum at 6 hours after anthers shedding, and stigma receptivity was increased after bloom; Apis mellifera played an important role in the process of pollination. P/O was 583.43 ± 99.90 and the outcrossing index was 4. By artificial pollination testing, cross-pollination rate was 79. 17%, and the self-fertility rate was 9.52%. The research suggested that the breeding system of L. alberti belonged to mixed mating system and cross pollination requires pollinators.