量子霍尔电阻计量技术的应用与分析

Application and Analysis of Metrology Techniques by the Quantum Hall Electrical Resistance

目前国际上公认准确度最高的现代电阻计量技术是量子霍尔电阻计量技术,但是其量子化、非连续特性使它在实际计量应用中受到很多限制;围绕先进的电阻比较与计量技术进行分类对比与分析,同时为实现10-8量级相对不确定度的电阻计量给出可行的技术方案;并且针对不同方案给出分析结论,为相关计量实验室根据自身条件建立高准确度电阻计量标准提供重要参考;最后,针对目前国内外量子霍尔电阻的研究动向进行了介绍,特别对可能在室温环境工作的石墨烯量子霍尔电阻的发展潜力进行了简要说明。

The quantum Hall electrical resistance technology is internationally recognized for the most up to date electrical resistance standard with the highest accuracy,but its metrological application is limited because of its quantization and non-continuous.Advanced elec-trical resistance comparison and metrology techniques are contrasted and analyzed by category,and feasible technical solutions are proposed for electrical resistance metrology with relative uncertainty of 10-8 in this paper.Furthermore,analysis conclusions are given to different technical solutions,which can provide important references for different metrology laboratories to establish high accuracy electrical resistance standard according to their own conditions.In the end,the domestic and overseas research tendency of quantum Hall electrical resistance is introduced,and especially,the development potential of graphene quantum Hall electrical resistances,which maybe could work at room tem-perature,is simply described.