我国秸秆资源管理政策发展研究

Study of the development of crop straw management policy in China

对1949年—2015年7月国务院和各相关部委发布的有关秸秆资源管理政策文件共计51份进行了综合分析。研究发现,早期(1949—1978年)的政策文件主要是促进秸秆还田、改善农村能源;中期(1979—2007年)开始着重于促进秸秆资源的能源化、饲料化、基料化等综合利用,其中,于1999年发布了第一份禁止秸秆焚烧的文件;近期阶段(2008—2015年)中央政府对秸秆资源管理达到了前所未有的重视程度,坚持秸秆还田利用与产业化开发相结合,引导农民自行开展秸秆综合利用,鼓励企业进行规模化和商业化生产。当前,我国秸秆资源的管理亟待解决大量焚烧引起空气严重污染和巨大循环利用潜力之间的问题,开展农村调研以掌握现有秸秆资源管理政策的实施现状和存在问题。

This study reviewed a total of 51 documents on management policy of crop straw released by the state council and relevant ministries and commissions from 1949 to July 2015.It showed that：In the early stage（1949-1978）,the policy was mainly established to promote returning of straw to field,and improve supply of rural energy;In the medium stage（1979-2007）,the governments began to focus on promoting comprehensive utilization of crop straw such as energy,feed,and medium materials.The first document of prohibiting straw from burning was released in 1999;In the recent stage（2008-2015）,governments more and more emphasized on crop straw management for combine utilization of retaining to soil and industrialized large-scale uses and supervised farmers to carry out comprehensive utilization of crop straw consciously.At present,a huge contradiction still existed between straw burning which leading to heavy air pollution and the great potential for recycling utilization.In conclusion,it is important to conduct a countylevel survey to improve its sustainable commercial scale utilization.