谷子秸秆水浸提液对玉米苗期生长的化感作用研究

Allelopathic effects of the water extracts of foxtail millet straw on maize growth at seedling stage

为探索谷子与玉米实行轮作倒茬的种植模式,本试验采用完全随机设计,研究不同品种谷子秸秆的水浸提液对玉米种子萌发及盆栽苗期生长的影响。结果表明:以不同品种、植株部位和提取液浓度的谷子水浸提液处理时,随着处理浓度的降低,对玉米种子萌发的根长和芽长表现出了促进生长的作用,促进作用差异显著,尤其在稀释50倍液处理下,张杂10号茎秆处理下根长增加了33%,叶片处理下芽长增加了20%;谷子茎秆和叶片水浸提液处理下,玉米苗期叶绿素荧光参数Y(Ⅱ)和ETR呈现先增加后下降的趋势,稀释50倍液处理下达到最高值,张杂10的叶片和晋谷21的茎秆均表现出较强的促进作用,光系统Ⅱ最大光合效率(Fv/Fm)呈现先降低后上升的趋势,3个参数均表明张杂10号的叶片和晋谷21号的茎秆水浸提液均能促进玉米的生长。谷子秸秆残留的化感物质在适当浓度下会对玉米种子的发芽和苗期生长起到促进作用。

The effects of different varieties of foxtail millet straw aqueous extracts on seed germination of maize were investigated by Petri dish and pot experiments the results showed that different varieties,plant parts and concentrations of had different effects.The decrease of concentration,root length and shoot length of maize showed growth promoting effect on the seed germination of maize.Especially under the treatment of 50 times dilution of the stem aqueous extracts of Zhangza 10,the root length increased 33%.And under the treatment of 50 times dilution of the leaf aqueous extracts of Zhangza 10,the shoot length increased by 20%.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters（Y（Ⅱ）and ETR）of maize was first increased and then decreased by the aqueous extracts of foxtail millet at the seeding stage.The parameters of foxtail millet were the highest under the treatment of 50 times dilution.The leaf of Zhangza 10 and stem of Jingu 21 had greater influence on maize growth.The maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ（Fv/Fm）was first decreased and then increased.Three parameters showed that the aqueous extracts of Zhangza 10 leaf and Jingu 21 stem displayed allelopathic promotion effect to maize at seedling stage.The allelochemical of foxtail millet straw promotes the germination of maize seeds and the growth of maize at appropriate concentration.